Literature Synthesis for Proposed Intervention

More seasoned individuals in nursing homes suffer from depression, which impairs their quality of life, social relationships, and health. The World Health Organization estimates that 15-25% of nursing home residents are depressed (World Health Organization, 2023). A strong fix is music listening, which improves the state of mind and reduces stress. This DPI project aims to examine whether this method reduces depressed symptoms in senior nursing home patients for more than eight weeks compared with existing methods.

Problem Statement

“In the adult nursing home, how does Lineweaver’s translation of research implementing music listening, contrasted with stream practice, influence depressive symptoms over 8 weeks?”

Search Methods

Literature was searched to find studies on music’s influence on depression symptoms among senior nursing home patients. The search strategy steps included:

Databases, Search Terms

PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were the main literature search databases.

Search Terms

1. Music listening
2. Depression
3. Elderly
4. Nursing home
5. Lineweaver
6. Intervention

Exclusion and Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Population: Studies on 65-year-old nursing home residents were included.
• Intervention studies: Music listening interventions were included.
• Comparison: Similar studies of music listening to conventional considerations or alternative therapies were included.
• Result: Studies that had depressive symptoms as a main or secondary result were included.
• Research design: Experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive, RCTs, systematic reviews, critical analyses, and relative studies were only considered.
• Language: English-language studies were included.

Exclusion Criteria

• Studies that used non-music interventions were restricted.
• Studies that didn’t assess depression were restricted.
• Non-peer-investigated studies were dismissed.

Limitations on Search

The search focused on publications published within the previous five years to ensure significance and timeliness. Only companion kept an eye out for papers that were searched to ensure study quality and steadfastness.

Choice of Article

The first search made 200 articles. Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded fifteen papers for evaluation. These fifteen papers had different study designs, including:
    1. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs): This rigorous research gives the most information, comparing music listening to standard treatment.
    2. Quasi-Experimental Design: Despite their flaws, quasi-experimental research can give significant insights when RCTs are impractical.
    3. Descriptive Studies: Descriptive studies discussed nursing home music listening strategies and their effects.
    4. Systematic Reviews: Systematic reviews summarized the research on music listening programs’ effectiveness and limitations.
    5. Critical Analyses: These articles analyzed prior studies’ methods and conclusions to better understand the study environment.
    6. Comparative Studies: These contrasted therapies or contexts to assess music listening’s sufficiency.

Synthesis of the Literature

Article by Lineweaver et al. (2021)

Subjects

Lineweaver et al. (2021) examined how personalized music listening affected dementia symptoms in 282 nursing care patients.

Methods

In a six-month music intervention, subjects listened to individualized playlists 1-3 times consistently for 30 minutes. The study assessed emotional, behavioral, and mental outcomes using standardized tests and straightforwardly observed sundowning symptoms, which intensify around evening time.

Key Findings

General neuropsychiatric symptoms, agitation, and depression were dealt with significantly in the first three months of the intervention, yet all the same not in the following three. Music listening significantly improved sundowning symptoms including disengagement, although aggressiveness was less influenced.

Rationale

This study shows that short-term individualized music listening can lessen dementia-related symptoms like agitation, depression, and sundowning behaviors, suggesting its use in long-term care. The findings support the use of music as a therapeutic gadget in dementia care and its inclusion into therapies to further foster dementia patients’ prosperity.

Article by Huber et al. (2020)

Subjects

Huber et al’s. (2020) crossover study investigated what personalized music listening suggested for despair, agitation, and positive feelings in 23 dementia patients.

Methods

Each part listened to individualized music 16 times with a watchman. Recorded sessions yielded 362 films for emotional and behavioral analysis.

Key Findings

The study indicated that sadness levels fell considerably, although instigated behaviors remained sensitive. Notwithstanding, the investigation showed that blissful feelings predominated over pessimistic ones during music sessions. These findings suggest that dementia patients could minimize sadness and work on their moods with personalized music listening.

Rationale

The study suggests that customized music could progress emotional prosperity and lessen depressed symptoms in dementia patients, regardless of whether it diminishes agitation. This shows that music-based therapies can further foster dementia patients’ quality of life.

Article by Costa et al. (2017)

Subjects and Methods

Costa et al. (2017) examined what the most cherished music means for pain, sadness, and anxiety in senior consideration home patients. An experimental gathering of 113 individuals listened to their chosen music ordinarily for 30 minutes for three weeks, whereas a control pack didn’t. Week by week validated and customized tests assessed pain, sadness, and anxiety. After the first phase, the groups exchanged so everyone could experience the music intervention.

Key Findings

The experimental gathering showed statistically substantial decreases in pain, sadness, and anxiety, with depression and anxiety being the most significant. Control pack improvements were insignificant. Further investigation indicated that those who valued music listened often and had their musical tastes obliged assisted more than those with severe pain.

Rationale

The study suggests that being inclined toward music listening could lessen sadness and anxiety among care home residents. This supports the inclusion of custom-made music treatments in dementia care programs to chip away at emotional prosperity.

Article by Belenchia (2023)

Subjects

Belenchia (2023) administered a personalized music-listening task to hospitalized Alzheimer’s disease and associated dementia (ADRD) patients to minimize agitation. The sample included 21 ADRD patients at a local regional hospital medical-surgical unit.

Methods

Following establishing a custom-fitted music listening program, the four-thing Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS) monitored agitation before and after the intervention. Clinical professionals assessed four upset ways of behaving using the PAS.

Key Findings

A matched t-test showed a significant decrease in agitation ratings from the pre-test (M=4.83, SD=2.10) to the post-test (M=1.38, SD=1.40), with a p-value of less than 0.001.

Rationale

This shows that personalized music programs decrease agitation in hospitalized ADRD patients. This supports the use of individualized music treatments in dementia care plans, showing that they can deal with emotional prosperity and decrease agitation even in a hospital setting.

Article by Feneberg et al. (2021)

Subjects and Methods

Feneberg et al. (2021) examined how music listening affects somatic symptoms and stress indicators in ladies with SSD and depression. The study examined ordinary existence changes in 58 ladies aged 27.7 years using a convenient assessment methodology.

Key Findings

The study discovered that music listening significantly decreased subjective stress levels (p < 0.02), regardless of mental health issues, using staggered models. Lower subjective stress was associated with less somatic symptoms (p ≤ 0.03). Music qualities also affected somatic symptoms (p = 0.01) and autonomic action (p = 0.03). These findings indicate that music listening reduces subjective stress and alleviates physical symptoms.

Rationale

This suggests that personalized music interventions can chip away at prosperity by managing stress and somatic complaints without medication, especially for individuals with complex mental health conditions like SSD and DEP.

Article by Ali and Bhaskar (2020)

Subjects and Methods

Ali and Bhaskar (2020) include fundamental statistical methods for research and information analysis in their work. The course covers quantitative and qualitative variables, mean, focus, mode, sample size estimate, and power analysis. The article discusses parametric and non-parametric statistical tests and their usefulness for cautious results and conclusions.

Key Findings

Key findings show that statistical procedures are essential for turning harsh information into significant insights and improving study validity and trustworthiness. The prerequisite for comprehensive statistical research to validate custom-fitted music listening programs supports therapies. With the right statistical techniques, researchers may precisely evaluate these therapies’ effects on dementia-related symptoms and ensure that the revealed improvements are not because of chance.

Article by Lund et al. (2020)

Subjects and Methods

Lund et al. (2020) examined the effects of music listening on sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in individuals with depression-related insomnia. This two-arm parallel-pack RCT follows CONSORT principles. The experimental gathering listens to music for 30 minutes at sleep time for four weeks, while the control pack receives normal depression treatment according to Danish clinical recommendations. Only one short-term psychiatric unit conducts the trial.

Rationale

This study suggests that individualized music treatments could further foster sleep and mental health in depression-related insomnia patients without the use of drugs.

Article by Chan et al. (2021)

Subjects and Methods

Chan et al. (2021) systematic study explores music’s influence on adult depression. The study examined 17 randomized controlled and quasi-experimental trials from nine databases. Use of Joanna Briggs Institute-Meta Analysis of Statistics evaluation and Survey Instrument for quality evaluation.

Key Findings

The significant findings show that music listening reduces depression symptoms in individuals for a really long time, with no distinction between standard and week-by-week treatments. Numerous music sessions of more than three weeks are advised for total impact. The assessment emphasizes the significance of letting individuals choose their music since many styles could work. The findings underline the necessity for further replication studies to improve meta-analyses of music’s effects on depression.

Rationale

This survey supports personalized music listening programs for depression, showing that sustained music interventions can significantly decrease depressive symptoms, making music a promising non-pharmacological mental health treatment.

Article by Kamioka et al. (2022)

Subjects and Methods

Kamioka et al. (2022) evaluated the quality of systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on music therapy (MT) sufficiency. The analysis comprised 21 papers from MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database up to October 2012. These included 16 Cochrane reviews. The articles covered mental and behavioral disorders, nervous and respiratory diseases, endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and circulatory system diseases, and pregnancy and work conditions classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision.

Key Findings

MT dramatically dealt with global and social functioning in schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses, Parkinson’s disease step and associated activities, depressed symptoms, and sleep quality. According to the research, MT is safe and supportive for numerous health issues and has no known side effects.

Rationale

This supports the use of MT in dementia care plans because music interventions work on mental health, depressive symptoms, and quality of life, supporting the goals of personalized music programs for dementia-related symptoms on the board.

Article by Yu et al. (2022)

Subjects and Methods

Yu et al. (2022) examined how pack music intervention affected depression in nursing care residents. The randomized controlled study randomly assigned sixty-three individuals to a music intervention or usual consideration bunch. The control bunch got no music intervention, while the music pack had 20 gathering music sessions over 10 weeks.

Key Findings

The Geriatric Depression Scale — Short Form (GDS-SF) examined depression and salivary cortisol at baseline, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks. At 5 and 10 weeks, generalized estimating equations (GEEs) showed a statistically significant distinction in depression levels between the music intervention and control groups. Salivary cortisol levels were similar between groups. Pack music intervention could lessen depression in nursing home residents, according to this information.

Rationale

This study supports using personalized music programs to treat depressive symptoms in dementia patients without medication, demonstrating the therapeutic benefits of music interventions in improving mental health and quality of life for additional seasoned adults in long-term care.

Article by Kusdemir et al. (2021)

Subjects and Methods

Kusdemir et al. (2021) use Chinn and Kramer’s theory analysis method for dealing with the study of the Tidal Model of Mental Health Recuperation. The study clarifies and examines how the idea applies to practice, research, and education. The Tidal Model is clear in its concepts anyway, making it suitable for some mental nursing situations because of its generalizability and accessibility.

Key Findings

The research implies that streamlining the model could chip away at its usability and empirical validity, especially for substance-using ladies. The Tidal Model supports mental health practice and provides protection and shelter for powerless individuals, encouraging the use of individualized music programs in dementia care.

Rationale

This research emphasizes theory-practice integration and the Tidal Model’s pertinence across changed settings, highlighting the usefulness of personalized therapies, such as music therapy, in mental health recuperation and prosperity.

Article by Singh et al. (2023)

Subjects and Methods

Singh et al. (2023) suggest a consistent segment information collection method for research on energetic infants across cultures. The authors present a system focusing on six local region sociodemographic construct categories: biological information, gestational status, health status, local area of descent, caregiving environment, and socioeconomic status, acknowledging the significance of culture in youngsters’ new development and the necessity for standardized segment reporting. Each region includes prospective constructs, measuring items, and adaptation counsel.

Key Findings

The goal is to standardize segment information collection and reporting for information exchange and equivalence across studies.

Rationale

This article promotes the intervention by stressing dementia care individualization. A methodology for standardized segment information collecting helps researchers understand dementia’s cultural settings and adjust therapies, ensuring that individualized music programs are culturally genuine and successful for changed communities.

Article by Titov et al. (2021)

Subjects and Methods

Titov et al. (2021) evaluate the psychometric features of the PHQ-9 and BDI-II in evaluating depression therapy response. Two randomized controlled studies of depression therapy included 172 depressed individuals. Internal consistency testing, component analysis, correlational analysis, clinically significant change estimation, and effect size calculation were significant.

The two scales were trustworthy; nevertheless, the BDI-II had somewhat higher internal consistency. Factor analysis validated two BDI-II factors anyway the PHQ-9 one-factor model. Interestingly, the two scores converged more than the Sheehan Disability Scale, demonstrating high convergent validity. The two scores responded similarly to alteration post-treatment and follow-up. Notwithstanding, the BDI-II saw more severe depression cases than the PHQ-9.

Key Findings

The study discovered that the two measures are definite and valid. Notwithstanding, the PHQ-9 may be shorter and more aligned with depression diagnostic criteria.

Rationale

This study supports the use of standardized assessment instruments like the PHQ-9 in dementia care programs to suitably see depressed symptoms and follow treatment effects. Healthcare practitioners could better customize therapies, including individualized music programs, to dementia patients with depression symptoms using validated measurements like the PHQ-9.

Article by Mental Health America (2024)

Subjects and Methods

Mental Health America’s (2024) article discusses depression’s prevalence, effects, and treatment choices. It shows depression rates among American adults and adolescents, stressing that depression could influence everyone.

Key Findings

Depression can hinder normal functioning, worsen other medical disorders, and lead to suicide, according to the report. It stresses that depression is not normal and requires medical or mental health care. The article addresses depression treatments such as CBT, interpersonal, familial, psychodynamic, workmanship, and psychoeducation. They emphasize early treatment and the practicality of various therapies for depression symptoms. An intensive depression therapy strategy should include customized music programming, according to the report.

Rationale

Music therapy can redesign standard therapies by expressing emotions inventively, relaxing, and improving prosperity. Music therapy can assist doctors with treating depression holistically and work on patients’ quality of life.

Article by Biasutti and Mangiacotti (2019)

Subjects and Methods

Biasutti and Mangiacotti (2019) examine how music training affects the more seasoned depressed state of mind and mental function. The study randomly allocated 45 consideration residents 62-95 to experimental and control groups. Music activities — including improvisation — boosted state of mind, cognition, and social skills. The authors used the Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, and semi-structured interviews.

Key Findings

Contrasted with the control pack, the experimental gathering showed considerable improvement in depression index and mental improvement. The experimental gathering demonstrated substantial reductions in depression symptoms and improvements in mental performance, while the control pack didn’t.

Rationale

This information suggests that music training improves depressive disposition and mental performance in elderly people individuals, even those with mental debilitation. Therefore, music therapy therapies like individualized music programs could assist more seasoned individuals with managing depression, forestalling mental deterioration, and working on a social-mental function.

Comparison of Articles

Similarities

    1. All articles discussed depression, mental health, and the impact of music therapy on depression.
    2. Many papers examined depression’s prevalence and effects.
    3. Several publications discussed the comparison of music, CBT, and psychodynamic treatment for depression.

Differences

    1. Some publications focused on geriatric or dementia patients, while others addressed depression extensively.

Common Themes

    1. Music therapy and psychotherapy diminish depression symptoms and work on mental health.
    2. Depression is a significant general health issue that affects quality of life.
    3. Early identification and treatment are essential for depression the executives and prevention.
    4. Depression patients have extraordinary demands that require personalized and culturally fitting therapy.

Methods

    1. All studies analyzed depression therapies using quantitative approaches like RCTs or standardized measures.

Conclusions

    1. Non-pharmacological therapies like music diminish depression and work on mental health.
    2. Depressed individuals need early identification and treatment to stay away from adverse results.
    3. Depression therapy must be culturally responsive to meet various demands.

Limitations

    1. Small sample numbers, short subsequent periods, and research design biases restrict numerous investigations.
    2. Differences in research populations, contexts, and interventions restrict generalizability.

Controversies

    1. Pharmacological depression therapies, especially in some groups or with other interventions, might be controversial.
    2. Clinicians and researchers could disagree on the reasonability of non-pharmacological therapies, including music therapy and psychotherapy.

Recommendations for Future Research

Based on the literature survey, various gaps and areas requiring future investigation could influence the implementation of individualized music programs for depressed individuals. These future research suggestions are:

Music Therapy Effectiveness in Specific Populations

There is a necessity for more significant studies on music therapy for depression in certain segment groups, such as teenagers, more seasoned adults, or those with dementia or chronic pain. The success of music therapy in various populations could coordinate individualized therapies and reveal its potential advantages and drawbacks for changed groups.

Music Therapy’s Long-Term Effects

Many studies have investigated the short-term benefits of music therapy on depressive symptoms, yet there is an absence of research on its long-term practicality and sturdiness. To evaluate the intervention’s long-term benefits and prevention of depression relapse, future trials should incorporate increased follow-up periods.

Music Intervention Effectiveness Comparison

The literature covers music treatments, including playlists, packed music activities, and music therapy. These methods require more testing to determine the best depression treatment. Close research could assist in discovering which music therapies turn out to be beneficial for various individuals and situations.

Action Mechanisms

Some studies have examined what music therapy means for depressive symptoms, yet the mechanisms are obscure. Music therapy should be studied for its effects on neurotransmitter modulation, emotion regulation, and social connectedness, which are linked to depression. These mechanisms could assist with explaining how music therapy works and inform focused approaches.

Addressing these research gaps will incredibly help depression-specific music programming. It would deal with our understanding of music therapy methods, let us adjust them to diverse groups, and explain their therapeutic mechanisms. Addressing these research gaps will assist healthcare professionals with including music therapy in depression treatment procedures and update patient outcomes.

Conclusion

The literature survey suggests music therapies might be a feasible supplementary therapy for depression. Numerous studies have shown that music listening, music therapy, and music training lessen depression symptoms and further foster state of mind, mental performance, and prosperity across demographics and contexts. Music treatments work, yet their methods, long-term benefits, cultural significance, and similar suitability are still obscure and require further research. A further investigation on music interventions in depression treatment could further foster results for depressed individuals.

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Belenchia, E. J. (2023). An individualized music listening program to reduce agitation in hospitalized patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Geriatric Nursing, 52, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.06.003

Biasutti, M., & Mangiacotti, A. (2019). Music training improves depressed mood symptoms in elderly people: A randomized controlled trial. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 92(1), 009141501989398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415019893988

Chan, M. F., Wong, Z. Y., & Thayala, N. V. (2021). The effectiveness of music listening in reducing depressive symptoms in adults: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 19(6), 332–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2011.08.003

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Feneberg, A. C., Mewes, R., Doerr, J. M., & Nater, U. M. (2021). The effects of music listening on somatic symptoms and stress markers in the everyday life of women with somatic complaints and depression. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03374-w

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