Integrating the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior to Enhance Health Promotion in Nursing Practice
Sensible models and theoretical frameworks are major in nursing to offer an unequivocal methodology for depicting, destroying, and anticipating occasions in the discipline. These frameworks and models give progress to the nursing practice, course, and research to fittingly arrange information and fundamental interventions (Foroughi et al., 2022). The steady association discusses the proposed theoretical framework’s congruity, the Health Belief Model (HBM).
The HBM is genuinely used to confine health behaviors by considering components, for instance, beliefs about health conditions, expected advantages of progress, and goals. This study will push toward the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the middle-range theory related to the HBM (Huang et al., 2020). The TPB expands on the HBM by adding clear behavioral control, the head for understanding health behaviors. Investigating these frameworks will show their importance in nursing, especially in hypothesis-critical strong regions for up-development frameworks. This paper needs to feature the conceivable expansion of cementing the theoretical and sensible to work on calm contemplations and advance the nursing discipline.
Theoretical Framework: Health Belief Model (HBM)
Portrayal of Framework/Model
The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model framed during the 1950s by Hochbaum, Rosenstock, and Kegels, who worked with the U.S. Free Health Alliance. The HBM was at first developed to address the lack of individuals in tangle balance and early area programs (Huang et al., 2020).
During that time, it expanded to organize more than at first portrayed. At this point, it is one of the most outstanding known models for portraying health-related behavior. As demonstrated by the HBM, individuals’ beliefs about the conditions of unequivocal health convey the sensible increases of playing out a particular behavior, and the dangers related to this change influence the behavior. It stresses self-unraveled thoughts and changes in behavior to uncover them as sensible in making health drives and illuminating activities.
Concepts and Propositions
The HBM contains a few head concepts and propositions that completely understand health behavior.
• Seen deficiency is how much a particular remember that they are at risk for getting an issue or turmoil. It was spread out that the higher the sensible deficiency, the more a particular will practice to restrict the bet (Akther and Nur, 2022).
• The obvious reality connects with a solitary’s impression of the bet introduced by a particular problem, condition, and its contemplations. Getting through a solitary condition has hazardous outcomes, this particular will truly need to take preventive measures.
• Free benefits thought, uncovering accessories with the solitary’s viewpoint on the legitimacy of the referenced that improvement cut down the bet or legitimacy. Fittingly, the reasonable benefits update the likelihood of the appointed behavior occurring.
• Seen limits are balances that disappoint the undertaking of one more new development. They can be physical, similar to cost or time, or psychosocial, similar to dread or shame. The fewer cutoff living spaces, the higher the possible opportunity to play out the proposed progress of the individual (Akther and Nur, 2022).
• The sign to advance is associated with outside stays aware that requires express exercises from individuals. Potential signs may be through media or others, for instance, update calls from a healthcare provider.
• Opportunity was coordinated into the HBM and added later. Opportunity is the level of conviction the individual has in returning to the behavior. Then again, higher self-sensibility could raise the probability of behavior change on an especially essential level (Moey et al., 2021).
Propositions
The HBM stays aware that a disease’s certain end and treatment influence health behavior. This suggests that specific necessities, genuineness, advantages, and cutoff focuses influence the likelihood of taking part in healthy behavior.
Likewise, the model suggests that health-affecting behavior depends on signs of action that impel course and self-abundancy in playing out the behavior. These concepts depict the probability of practicing a healthy behavior (Moey et al., 2021). Analyzing the HBM totally shows that updated information on this theory will allow healthcare professionals to cultivate health intercessions further.
These interventions can be individualized to commit the sensible and genuine inspirations of the patients and the region, expanding the opportunity for behavior change and better health. The HBM confers that healthcare behavior results according to beliefs and points of view on this theory, which is instrumental in health getting ready and behavior change for acquiring healthier ground moves close.
Middle-Range Theory: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
Depiction of Theory
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of Ajzen’s middle-range hypotheses, illustrated in the last piece of the 1980s, considering the health belief model. The theory of planned behavior ought to get a handle on serious solid areas for serious that influence behavior by relying spot on, the key variable (Park and Shin, 2021). Covering mindsets and huge standards other than joins seen behavioral control, which offers an unmatched technique for disconnecting individuals’ decisions about health behaviors. The TPB recommends that particular behavior is driven and impacted by three key parts: smooth articulation viewpoint on the behavior, saw standards, and command over the behavior. It has been applied for the most part to expect health behavior change and contains a fundamental model for making health intercessions.
Cycles or Concepts
This mentality toward the behavior thought appraisals how much the individual has positive or negative encounters towards undertaking the behavior. The character of not perpetually settled by questions concerning the aftereffects of the behavior and the stakes given to them. In smarts, the potential outcomes playing out a given health behavior are sensible going to be high if the particular holding the understanding feels it will have a fair outcome (Gjicali and Lipnevich, 2021). The theoretical standards combine taking a gander at the general people’s sales concerning the execution or non-execution of a particular development.
This thought comes from individuals’ judgment concerning sensible sales concerning their behavior for their family, amigos, mates, or society. Expecting others who matter in the solitary’s public exercises attract the behavior, the particular will have a raising point of view toward performing it.
NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework
Further, behavioral control can be portrayed as the level of the solitary’s impression of the likelihood of playing out the behavior. This affirmation is close to the self-efficacy of the HBM and proposes the sensible straightforwardness or difficulty of the behavior, considering related responsibilities and expected inconveniences (Ataei et al., 2020).
Further developing clear behavioral control overhauls the improvement of a solid doubt to play out the behavior. The behavioral objective is the mark of the union of the TPB model and depends on points of view, saw standards, and saw control. Objective proposes a solitary’s enthusiasm to participate in a particular behavior and is closer to behavior than demeanor. The more grounded the objective to play out a specific behavior, the higher the probability that the behavior will be shown.
Clinical Practice Application
The theory of planned behavior is colossal for understanding and expecting health-related behaviors in clinical settings. Keeping the opening can be achieved by diminishing the goofs between point viewpoints, seeing profound standards, seeing behavioral control of healthcare providers, and strong intercessions to manage these areas (Ruler et al., 2020).
They can in addition brief health progress, make care, influence points of view, serious areas of strength for overhaul practices, and extend clear behavioral control. For instance, in driving smoking discontinuance, intercessions can be fanned out on very much arranged events the health benefits of finishing (viewpoints), and support from family peers (critical standards). Increase the sureness to stop smoking by giving resources and planning (saw self-plentifulness).
Behavioral clinicians decide to deal with patients’ points of view about healthy behaviors in counsel, understand the strain from social factors, and uncover legitimizations for why patients feel uncovered concerning unequivocal health behaviors (Traina and Feiring, 2020). This approach gives express individual organizing to each trustworthy and contrasts in the convincing practice pieces. The TPB can help plan and overview health programs as it centers on tremendous behavior change.
For instance, regarding a program progressing genuine work among patients with progressing forward with contaminations, the TPB can be chief concerning the ordinary increments of action, pressures, social assistance, and security from rehearsing reliably. Focusing on the overhauls in these parts could help with understanding the program’s sensibility and some of the issues that exist to address(Traina and Feiring, 2020).
The TPB moves to examine health results and deals with clinical relationships by seeing the major determinants of health behaviors. For instance, the level of consistency with drugs may be improved by standpoints, social assistance, and control in patients with unsurprising sicknesses.
Analysis of Middle-Range Theory and Conceptual Model
- Characteristics of Conceptual Model
The HBM and TPB are basic in understanding well-being conduct, yet the two hypotheses give it somewhat startlingly. The HBM pivots around the unquestionable characteristics of individuals regarding a particular well-being state. At the same time, the TPB underlines the chance of intention and is seen as a direct control (Qiao et al., 2021). A couple of pieces of the HBM can be distinguished within the TPB, showing that the two plans are associated and interdependent.
Notwithstanding anything else, the HBM saw delicacy and sincerity as are obsession with knowing why the individual is moved closer to embracing certain well-being approaches to dealing with behaving. The TPB moreover involves these examinations in its make of points of view. The definition of viewpoints best encloses shortcomings and the truth because they are an individual’s feelings about the results of a strategy for dealing with behavior. For instance, an individual’s viewpoint on exercising might be influenced by their conspicuous likelihood (shortcoming) and degree (sincerity) of contracting cardiovascular infections (Qiao et al., 2021).
Additionally, the sensible advantages and checks to development in HBM partner with an extraordinary degree to the points of view toward lead and saw control in the TPB. The reasonable advantages ought to be clear in the points of view belonging to TPB, and cutoff points to progression are covered by clear, direct control (Park and Shin, 2021). This theory spreads a position on the idea that thoughts are the fundamental determinant of intending to strong regions for continually performing. Self-exertion convictions direct the Sort A strategy for dealing with behaving.
Thirdly, the TPB doesn’t address signs of development, paying little mind to suggest the effect of outside pressures through profound standards. These standards propose the social influences and assumptions from splendid frills regarding certain behavior approaches (Park and Shin, 2021).
For instance, a specialist’s proposition or a general’s assistance could trigger the development of certification changes to a typical way of life. Fourthly, integrating self-abundancy into the HBM model embellishments most with the TPB’s prominent command over the strategy for dealing with behavior. The two plans pivot the individual’s obvious self-reasonableness in engaging in a way to oversee behavior. This closeness has centered certainty and control in stimulating enticing well-being approaches to dealing with behavior.
- Comparison and Contrast
Both the HBM and TPB are relative in that they are both speculative models; they have unequivocal contrasts that influence their importance and worth in clinical settings. For any situation, it is essential to note that the HBM collects mainly the individual’s insights regarding certain well-being states and their results (Rosenthal and Shmueli, 2021). It comparatively investigates how such convictions determine one’s dangers for performing or not performing sound approaches to dealing with behaving. The TPB sets social intention as the nearest speculative determinant of that technique for dealing with behavior.
The TPB is generally more unflinchingly related to intention and genuine strategy for dealing with behaving than the TRA, considering the inclusion of seen social control. In addition, the TPB integrates social parts through exceptionally close standards, which isn’t tended to in the HBM (Rosenthal and Shmueli, 2021). This inclusion makes the TPB more complete in explaining apparent practices, strains, and backing for well-being and well-being approaches to behavior. For instance, a patient’s response consistency can be molded by whether their kin and mates think about this prompt right.
NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework
Thirdly, lead control in the TPB is more unimaginably unavoidable than in the HBM. While saw obstacles are included in the HBM, TPB takes it further by considering the straightforwardness or inconvenience the individual feels about engaging in the way to oversee behavior (Foroughi et al., 2022).
This improvement draws the specialist to see better factors that can update or hinder lead changes. Fourth, the two models have extraordinarily informative and insightful validity for well-being approaches to dealing with behavior. For any circumstance, the TPB incompletely increases the range of components determining conduct by adding intention and social control. Shi et al. (2021) revealed that the TPB could foresee a more major level of progress in well-being approaches to dealing with behaving than the HBM, particularly for approaches to dealing with behaving.
- Applicability and Utility in Clinical Practice
In clinical practice, the applicability of both the HBM and the TPB is essential for designing interventions and enabling change in well-being approaches to behavior. Their applicability could contrast depending on the specific situation and the Kind of lead being established. HBM, with basically no wavering, is basic while developing a structure to change individual feelings about well-being and conditions (Shi et al., 2021).
It may be utilized to convey messages that increase clarity and genuineness while gaining the benefits of preventive approaches to behavior. For instance, the well-being conviction model can be embraced in general well-being work to connect with vaccination by eliciting the client’s idea regarding the risks of not immunizing.
Second, TPB is basic for social counseling within clinical practice, as the model incorporates different mental inspirational parts influencing conduct. Self-report levels of the theory of arranged direct honor clinical thought suppliers to determine the patient’s disposition saw standards and saw control interventions. For instance, a smoking end program will embrace the TPB to increase self-proficiency for quitting smoking, maintain an uplifting viewpoint, and influence obvious social help (Małecka et al., 2022).
Thirdly, the two models can be utilized to propose and survey well-being programs. HBM is reasonable for screening viewpoints on the patient and barriers since it is mainly based on convictions. The TPB point-by-point provides assets on structuring interventions that can cover several parts affecting the technique for dealing with behavior. Evaluating the distinction in viewpoints, exceptionally close standards, and social control can be useful in determining the reasonableness of undertakings and identifying amazing sections for change.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Well-being Conviction Model (HBM) and the Theory of Arranged Lead (TPB) are regular plans that help handle and anticipate well-being approaches to dealing with behaving. The HBM features self-information on well-being states, while the TPB includes clear lead intention and perceived control. The two models feature points like attitude, social convictions, and self-savvy instinct to instigate direct change.
When examining frameworks like those in NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework, these models provide valuable insights for shaping nursing practices. The results of the practice of nursing would never be more fundamental. By applying these plans, escorts can make arrangements for interventions that intend to change the patients’ convictions, incite social help, and update self-sensibility, leading to practically 100 percent quiet well-being. Incorporating these speculations into clinical practice increases more proficient ways of improving well-being and patient training.
References
Akther, T., & Nur, T. (2022). A model of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A synthesis of the theory of reasoned action, conspiracy theory belief, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. PLOS ONE, 17(1), e0261869, Pg 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261869
Ataei, P., Gholamrezai, S., Movahedi, R., & Aliabadi, V. (2020). An analysis of farmers’ intention to use green pesticides: The application of the extended theory of planned behavior and health belief model. Journal of Rural Studies, 81(3), Pg 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.11.003
Foroughi, Z., Ebrahimi, P., Aryankhesal, A., Maleki, M., & Yazdani, S. (2022). Toward a theory-led meta-framework for implementing health system resilience analysis studies: A systematic review and critical interpretive synthesis. BMC Public Health, 22(1), e287, Pg 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12496-3
Gjicali, K., & Lipnevich, A. A. (2021). Do you have a math attitude? (In)direct effects of student mathematics attitudes on intentions, behavioral engagement, and mathematics performance in the U.S. PISA. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 67(1), e102019, Pg 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.102019
Huang, X., Dai, S., & Xu, H. (2020). Predicting tourists’ health risk preventative behavior and traveling satisfaction in Tibet: Combining the theory of planned behavior and health belief model. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33(2), e100589, Pg 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100589
Małecka, A., Mitręga, M., Mróz-Gorgoń, B., & Pfajfar, G. (2022). Adoption of collaborative consumption as sustainable social innovation: Sociability and novelty seeking perspective. Journal of Business Research, 144
(1), Pg163–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.062
Moey, S.-F., Che Mohamed, N., & Lim, B.-C. (2021). A path analytic model of health beliefs on the behavioral adoption of breast self-examination. AIMS Public Health, 8(1), Pg15–31. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2021002
Park, S., & Shin, H. (2021). An analysis and evaluation of the theory of planned behavior using Fawcett and desanto-madeya’s framework. Advances in Nursing Science, Publish Ahead of Print, 44(4), Pg141-154. https://doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000365
Qiao, X., Ji, L., Jin, Y., Si, H., Bian, Y., Wang, W., & Wang, C. (2021). Development and validation of an instrument to measure beliefs in physical activity among (pre)frail older adults: An integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior. Patient Education and Counseling, 104 (10), Pages 2544-2551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.03.009
Rosental, H., & Shmueli, L. (2021). Integrating health behavior theories to predict COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: Differences between medical and nursing students. Vaccines, 9(7), e.783, Pg 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070783
Shi, H., Wang, J., Huang, R., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Jiang, N., Tanimoto, T., Ozaki, A., Shao, C., Wang, J., He, X., & Xu, X. (2021). Application of the extended theory of planned behavior to understand Chinese students’ intention to improve their oral health behaviors: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), e2303, Pg 1-9. ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12329-9
Sultan, P., Tarafder, T., Pearson, D., & Henryks, J. (2020). Intention-behaviour gap and perceived behavioral control-behaviour gap in the theory of planned behavior: Moderating roles of communication, satisfaction, and trust in organic food consumption. Food Quality and Preference, 81(81),e103838. Pg 1-33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103838
Traina, G., & Feiring, E. (2020). “There is no such thing as getting sick justly or unjustly” – a qualitative study of clinicians’ beliefs on the relevance of personal responsibility as a basis for health prioritization. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), e497, Pg 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05364-6
